Free Tutors on Interoperability of Fibre Channel SAN and IP STORAGE

Free Tutors on Interoperability of Fibre Channel SAN and IP STORAGE

Fibre Channel SANs are currently being successfully used in production environments. Nevertheless, interoperability is an issue with Fibre Channel SAN, as in all new cross manufacturer technologies. When discussing the interoperability of Fibre Channel SAN we must differentiate between the interoperability of the underlying Fibre Channel network layer, the interoperability of the Fibre Channel application protocols, such as FCP (SCSI over Fibre Channel) and the interoperability of the applications running on the Fibre Channel SAN. The interoperability of Fibre Channel SAN stands and falls by the interoperability of

FCP. FCP is the protocol mapping of the FC-4 layer, which maps the SCSI protocol on a Fibre Channel network (Section 3.3.8).The FCP is a complex piece of software that can only be implemented in the form ofa device driver. The implementation of hardware-like device drivers alone is a task that attracts errors as if by magic. The developers of FCP device drivers must therefore test extensively and thoroughly. Two general conditions make it more difficult to test the FCP device driver. The server initiates the data transfer by means of the SCSI protocol; the storage device only responds to the requests of the server. However, the idea of storage networks is to consolidate storage devices, i.e. for many servers to share a few large storage devices. Therefore, with storage networks a single storage device must be able to serve several parallel requests from different servers simultaneously. For example, it is typical for a server to be exchanging data with a storage device just when another server is scanning the Fibre Channel SAN for available storage devices. This situation requires end devices to be able to multitask. When testing multitasking systems the race conditions of the tasks to be performed come to bear: just a few milliseconds delay can lead to a completely different test result.The second difficulty encountered during testing is due to the large number of components that come together in a Fibre Channel SAN. Even when a single server is connected to a single storage device via a single switch, there are numerous possibilities that can-

not all be tested. If, for example, a Windows server is selected, there is still the choice between NT, 2000 and 2003, each with different service packs. Several manufacturers offer several different models of the Fibre Channel host bus adapter card in the server. If we take into account the various firmware versions for the Fibre Channel host bus adapter cards we find that we already have more than 50 combinations before we even select a switch. Companies want to use their storage network to connect servers and storage devices from various manufacturers, some of which are already present. The manufacturers of Fibre Channel components (servers, switches and storage devices) must therefore perform interoperability tests in order to guarantee that these components work with devices from third-party manufacturers. Right at the top of the priority list are those combinations that are required by most customers, because this is where the expected profit is the highest. The result of the interoperability test is a so-called support matrix. It specifies, for example, which storage device supports which server model with which operating system versions and Fibre Channel cards. Manufacturers of servers and storage devices often limit the Fibre Channel switches that can be used. Therefore, before building a Fibre Channel SAN you should carefully check whether the manufacturers in question state that they support the planned configuration. If the desired configuration is not listed, you can negotiate with the manufacturer regarding the payment of a surcharge to secure manufacturer support. Although non-supported configurations can work very well, if problems occur, you are left without support in critical situations. If

in any doubt you should therefore look for alternatives right at the planning stage. All this seems absolutely terrifying at first glance. However, manufacturers now support a number of different configurations. If the manufacturers' support matrices are taken into consideration, robust Fibre Channel SANs can now be operated. The operation of up-to-date operating systems such as Windows NT/2000, AIX, Solaris, HP-UX and Linux is particularly unproblematic. Fibre Channel SANs are based upon Fibre Channel networks. The incompatibility of the fabric and arbitrated loop topologies and the networking of fabrics and arbitrated loops

has already been discussed in Section 3.4.3. Within the fabric, the incompatibility of the Fibre Channel switches from different manufacturers should also be mentioned. At the end of 2003 we still recommend that when installing a Fibre Channel SAN only the switches and directors of a single manufacturer are used. Even though routing between switches and directors of different manufacturers may work as expected, and basic functions of the fabric topology such as aliasing, name server and zoning work well across different vendors in so-called 'compatibility modes'. But bear in mind that there is still only a very small installed base of mixed switch vendor configurations. A standard has been passed that addresses the interoperability of these basic functions, meaning that it is now just a matter of time before these basic functions work across every manufacturers' products. However, for new functions such as SAN security, inter-switch-link trunking or B-Ports, teething troubles with interoperability must once again be expected.In general, applications can be subdivided into higher applications that model and support the business processes and system-based applications such as file systems, databases and back-up systems. The system-based applications are of particular interest from the point of view of storage networks and storage management. The compatibility of network file systems such as NFS and CIFS is now taken for granted and hardly ever queried. As storage networks penetrate into the field of file systems, cross-manufacturer standards are becoming ever more important in this area too. A first offering is Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP, Section 7.9.4) for the back-up of NAS servers. Further down the road we expect also a customer demand for cross-vendor standards in the emerging field of storage virtualization (Chapter 5).

The subject of interoperability will preoccupy manufacturers and customers in the field of storage networks for a long time to come. Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA), Infini Band and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) represent emerging new technologies that must also work in a cross-manufacturer manner. The same applies for Internet SCSI (iSCSI) and its variants like iSCSI Extensions over RDMA (iSER). iSCSI transmits the SCSI protocol via TCP/IP and, for example, Ethernet. Just like FCP, iSCSI has to serialize the SCSI protocol bit-by-bit and map it onto a complex network topology. Interoperability will therefore also play an important role in iSCSI.

IP STORAGE

Fibre Channel SANs are currently (2003) being successfully implemented in production environments. Nevertheless, the industry is at pains to establish storage networks based upon IP (IP storage) and Ethernet as an alternative to Fibre Channel. This section first introduces various protocols for the transmission of storage data traffic via TCP/IP (Section 3.5.1). Then we explain to what extent TCP/IP and Ethernet are suitable transmission techniques for storage networks at all (Section 3.5.2). Finally, we discuss a migration path from SCSI and Fibre Channel to IP storage (Section 3.5.3).